Clerke had taken command of the ship after James Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay ( island of Hawaiʻi) on February 14, and was leaving the islands for the North Pacific. Oʻahu was not actually visited by Europeans until February 28, 1779, when Captain Charles Clerke aboard HMS Resolution stepped ashore at Waimea Bay. Escorted by HMS Discovery, the expedition was surprised to find high islands this far north in the central Pacific. Oʻahu was apparently the first of the Hawaiian Islands sighted by the crew of HMS Resolution on January 19, 1778, during Captain James Cook's third Pacific expedition.
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ʻIolani Palace, built later by other members of the royal family, is still standing, and is the only royal palace on American soil. Kamehameha III moved his capital from Lāhainā, Maui to Honolulu, Oʻahu in 1845. Hawaiʻi would not be unified until the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau surrendered under King Kaumualiʻi in 1810. Kamehameha founded the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi with the conquest of Oʻahu in 1795. Kamehameha the Great would conquer in the mountain Kalanikūpule's force in the Battle of Nuʻuanu. In 1783, Kahekili II, King of Maui, conquered Oʻahu and deposed the reigning family and then made his son, Kalanikūpule, king of O'ahu, turning O'ahu into a puppet state. In 1773, the throne fell upon Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa. Kualiʻi was the first of the warlike kings and so were his sons. The first great king of Oʻahu was Maʻilikūkahi, the lawmaker, who was followed by many generation of monarchs. The 304-year-old Kingdom of Oʻahu was once ruled by the most ancient aliʻi in all of the Hawaiian Islands. The island has been inhabited since at least the 3rd century A.D. USS Arizona Memorial (right) USS Missouri (left) in Pearl Harbor For instance, if locals are asked where they live, they would usually reply "Windward Oʻahu" rather than " Laie". These terms are somewhat flexible, depending on the area in which the user lives, and are used in a mostly general way, but residents of each area identify strongly with their part of the island, especially those outside of widely-known towns. The most commonly accepted areas are the "City", "Town" or "Town side", which is the urbanized area from Halawa to the area below Diamond Head (residents of the island north of the Koʻolau Mountains consider the Town Side to be the entire southern half), "West Oʻahu", which goes from Pearl Harbor to Kapolei, ʻEwa and may include the Mākaha and Waiʻanae areas the " North Shore" (northwestern coast) the " Windward Side" (northeastern coast from Kahuku to Kāneʻohe) the "East Side" or "East Coast" (the eastern portion of the island, from Kāneʻohe on the northeast, around the tip of the island to include much of the area east of Diamond Head) and "The Valley" or "Central Oʻahu" which runs northwest from Pearl Harbor toward Haleʻiwa. While the island is designated the City and County of Honolulu, excluding the minor Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, residents identify settlements using town names (generally those of the census-designated places), and consider the island to be divided into various areas which may overlap. Well-known features found on Oʻahu include Waikiki, Pearl Harbor, Diamond Head, Hanauma, Kāneʻohe Bay, Kailua Bay, North Shore, and the resort destination, Ko Olina. As a jurisdictional unit, the entire island of Oʻahu is in Honolulu County, although as a place name, Honolulu occupies only a portion of the southeast end of the island. The city of Honolulu-largest city, state capital, and main deepwater marine port for the State of Hawaiʻi-is located here. The term Oʻahu has no confirmed meaning in Hawaiian, other than that of the place itself.
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It has been speculated that Thrum ignored or misplaced the ʻokina because the Hawaiian phrase " ʻo ahu" could be translated as "gathering of objects" ( ʻo is a subject marker and ahu means "to gather").
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The translation of "gathering place" was suggested as recently as 1922 by Hawaiian Almanac author Thomas Thrum. It appears that Oʻahu grew into this nickname it is currently the most populated Hawaiian Island, however, in ancient times, Oʻahu was not populous and was outranked by the status of other islands. The Island of Oʻahu in Hawaii is often nicknamed (or translated as) "The Gathering Place".